Macbeth the first peformance essays

Macbeth the first peformance essays The First Staging of Shakespeares Macbeth William Shakespeares first production of Macbeth was performed at the Old Globe Theatre in 1606. At the time James I was the king of Great Britain and Scotland. In 1606 his brother-in-law Christian IV visited King James. Many scholars suggest that Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in honor if Christians visit. The connection between King James I and Macbeth can be seen in many elements of the script. First, Banquos character is portrayed as an honest and strongman. He was to have been a descendent of the king. Second it believed that Shakespeare added witchcraft to the plot only to please the king (Asimov 1). Some scholars argue that Shakespeare first presented Macbeth in front of the king of Denmark at Hampton Court (Kay 318). But, there is little evidence to support that theory. The King probably went to the Old Globe Theatre to see Macbeth. Few specifics are known about the original Globe Theatre. It is believed to have been eight sided. It was an outside theatre that took on a round appearance and stood three stories high. The Globe theatre had a platform stage where the audience sat on three sides. It was similar to a modern day thrust theater. The original Globe theatre burned down in 1613. The thatch roofing and plaster building caught on fire during a performance if Henry XII. Most of the evidence left of the globe theatre is found in Shakespeare stage directions of his plays produced at this theatre. It is believed that the stage had four trap doors. Three smaller ones that the actor was able to walk up to and a larger one that required machine help. It was in these trap doors that the witches came out of, each having their own door. The cauldron was raised and lowered with smoky effects. This information is supported by the line that Macbeth speaks Why sinks that cauldron (Nagler 23). It questionab le if the center stage platfor...

Archaea Domain - Extreme Microscopic Organisms

Archaea Domain - Extreme Microscopic Organisms What Are Archaea? Archaea are a group of microscopic organisms that were discovered in the early 1970s. Like bacteria, they are single-celled prokaryotes. Archaeans were originally thought to be bacteria until DNA analysis showed that they are different organisms. In fact, they are so different that the discovery prompted scientists to come up with a new system for classifying life.  There is still much about archaeans that is not known. What we do know is that many are extreme organisms that live and thrive under some of the most extreme conditions, such as extremely hot, acidic, or alkaline environments. Key Takeaways Originally thought to be bacteria, Archaea are a separate group of microscopic organisms discovered in the 1970s. Archaeans are single-celled prokaryotes.Archaeans are extreme organisms. They can survive and even thrive under some of the most difficult conditions on planet Earth like very hot, extremely acidic, or very alkaline environments.Similar to bacteria, Archaeans have a number of different shapes. Cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), and irregular are some examples.Archaeans possess the typical prokaryotic cell anatomy that includes plasmid DNA, a cell wall, a cell membrane, a cytoplasmic area, and ribosomes. Some archaeans can also have flagella. Archaea Cells Archaeans are extremely small microbes that must be viewed under an electron microscope to identify their characteristics. Like bacteria, they come in a variety of shapes including cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), and irregular shapes. Archaeans have a typical prokaryotic cell anatomy:  plasmid DNA, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. Some archaeans also have long, whip-like protrusions called flagella, which aid in movement. Archaea Domain Organisms are now classified into three domains and six kingdoms. The domains include Eukaryota, Eubacteria, and Archaea. Under the archaea domain, there are three main divisions or phyla. They are: Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Korarchaeota. Crenarchaeota Crenarchaeota consist mostly of hyperthermophiles and thermoacidophiles. Hyperthermophilic microorganisms live in extremely hot or cold environments. Thermoacidophiles are microscopic organisms that live in extremely hot and acidic environments. Their habitats have a pH between 5 and 1. You would find these organisms in hydrothermal vents and hot springs. Crenarchaeota Species Examples of Crenarchaeotans include: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius - found near volcanic environments in hot, acidic springs containing sulfur.Pyrolobus fumarii - live in temperatures between 90 and 113 degrees Celsius. Euryarchaeota Euryarchaeota organisms consist mostly of extreme halophiles and methanogens. Extreme halophilic organisms live in salty habitats. They need salty environments to survive. You would find these organisms in salt lakes or areas where sea water has evaporated.Methanogens require oxygen free (anaerobic) conditions in order to survive. They produce methane gas as a byproduct of metabolism. You would find these organisms in environments such as swamps, wetlands, ice lakes, the guts of animals (cow, deer, humans), and in sewage. Euryarchaeota Species Examples of Euryarchaeotans include: Halobacterium - include several species of halophilic organisms that are found in salt lakes and high saline ocean environments.Methanococcus - Methanococcus jannaschii was the first genetically sequenced Archaean. This methanogen lives near hydrothermal vents.Methanococcoides burtonii - these psychrophilic (cold-loving) methanogens were discovered in Antarctica and can survive extremely cold temperatures. Korarchaeota Korarchaeota organisms are thought to be very primitive life forms. Little is currently known about the major characteristics of these organisms. We do know that they are thermophilic and have been found in hot springs and obsidian pools. Archaea Phylogeny Archaea are interesting organisms in that they have genes that are similar to both bacteria and eukaryotes.  Phylogenetically speaking, archaea and bacteria are thought to have developed separately from a common ancestor.  Eukaryotes are believed to have branched off from archaeans millions of years later. This suggests that archaeans are more closely related to eukayotes than bacteria. Interesting Archaeans Facts While Archaeans are very similar to bacteria, they are also much different. Unlike some types of bacteria, archaeans can not perform photosynthesis. Similarly, they cannot produce spores. Archaeans are extremophiles. They can live in places where most other life forms cannot. They can be found in extremely high temperature environments as well as extremely low temperature environments. Archaeans are a natural part of human microbiota. At present, pathogenic archaeans have not been identified. Scientists assume that they do not exist.