Relationship Between Crude Oil And Natural Gas Prices Essay

Connection Between Crude Oil And Natural Gas Prices - Essay Example Watching the example of raw petroleum and flammable gas costs for the most part underpins the monetary hypothesis and prompts the conviction that the two wares do share a relationship. In any case, in the course of recent years, a decoupling of petroleum gas costs from raw petroleum costs has been watched (allude to chart 1.1 in addendum). This has driven worries over the quality of the connection among unrefined and petroleum gas costs. Monetary components interface raw petroleum and gaseous petrol costs through gracefully and request. There has been a solid conviction with respect to the single direction connection between the costs of unrefined petroleum and flammable gas, whereby changes in rough figures impact gaseous petrol costs and any adjustments in gaseous petrol costs have no effect on rough. This is because of the overall size of each market. Costs of rough are resolved on the world market though petroleum gas valuation happens in territorially sectioned markets. Accordingly, any antagonistic occasion or condition is probably not going to influence the worldwide cost of oil (Villar, Joutz) This paper endeavors to connote the financial and factual connection between unrefined petroleum and flammable gas costs. The period under audit is from 1985 to 2005. ... Outline of Natural Gas Industry The structure of the gaseous petrol industry has changed drastically in the course of the most recent 15 years. Before, the structure of this industry was straightforward, with constrained adaptability and barely any alternatives for gas conveyance. Investigation and creation organizations investigated and bored for flammable gas, offering the item to transportation pipelines. These pipelines moved the gaseous petrol, offering it to nearby conveyance utilities, who thus offered the item to its clients. Evaluating at the investigation, creation and transportation level was governmentally controlled while state guideline checked the cost at which neighborhood circulation organizations offered gaseous petrol to clients (naturalgas.org). Before deregulation, the structure of the flammable gas industry was exceptionally clear, in any case, it experienced deficiencies during the 1970s and surpluses during the 1980s. Since deregulation, the business is significantly more open to rivalry and decision. Costs are not, at this point controlled and are dictated by the interest gracefully powers. One of the remarkable contrasts in the modified structure of the petroleum gas industry is the presence of flammable gas advertisers. They serve to encourage the development of petroleum gas from the makers to the end clients. Advertisers may either claim the flammable gas being moved, or essentially go about as facilitators for the transportation. Source : NGSA The graph above shows the pathway of flammable gas from maker to end client in a managed domain. The chart underneath shows the pathway in a deregulated situation where advertisers exist and can sell straightforwardly to end clients. Source : NGSA Cost of flammable gas is basically a component of interest and flexibly. At the point when interest for gas rises,

Problem of Induction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issue of Induction - Essay Example People may anyway think about this, as having been brought about by past deeds and much of the time, man can't overwhelm the circumstance. In tolerating the happenings around us, it decreases the expense of creative mind. Hume depicts that when a body is confined to one planet just experiencing difficulties and challenges, the brain for the most part interfaces these difficulties to different planets that may not be in presence (Hume 14). I concur in light of the fact that the past occasions don't influence the eventual fate of a person who has a receptive outlook set to transcend and past their impediments by gaining from the past mix-ups to maintain a strategic distance from similar errors or to improve their personal satisfaction. Thoughts and considerations will consistently rely upon the past demeanor and feeling. There are those thoughts, which can end up being remain solitary, yet in the genuine sense firmly assessed will show that they also are conceived from the sentiments b efore origination. Anyway comparative it might be for sounds entering the ear and hues seen by the eye are ordinarily extraordinary in examination. Thinking about this, the thoughts emerging from various shades are relied upon likewise to be diverse in nature (Hume 16). Impressions don't generally offer ascent to thoughts, anyway basic they may end up being. The nature and truth of thoughts has inconsistencies behind it. Bringing these thoughts into clear vision and concealing some light on them, be that as it may, can get rid of this. Hume expresses that in the creative mind of man, there is nothing that is more liberated. It anyway has power, which is boundless to isolating, blending, separating and exacerbating thoughts, however it can't go past the outer and inside faculties preparing the first thoughts, and this suggests to all the current assorted varieties of vision and fiction (Hume 34). On the planet, there is nothing considered as possibility. Conclusion, conviction and co mprehension are tremendously affected by our numbness. Hume additionally expresses that â€Å"there is unquestionably a likelihood, that exude because of predominance risks on any side; and likewise, as this prevalence rises and surpassesing the contrary possibilities, the likelihood get a similar augmentation, conceives still a higher degree or conviction or consent to that side, where we find the superiority† (Hume 40). Questions on theory are the primary fault among the techniques for thinking, to put forth an attempt of opposing any speculation, to the unsafe impacts of profound quality and religion by falsification (Hume 67). Normally sentiments made are not bogus, however similar conclusions actualized can prompt hazardous results. Despite the fact that the outcomes of activity performed calmly and obliviously by men might be faulty, men are not accused for activities of that nature. These activities anyway reach a conclusion in only them, since they are not transient p rincipled. Then again activities acted in a rushed nature may not meet the necessities and can be defective; men are likewise not accused for them. Character for this situation is additionally influenced by rushed temper (Hume 68). Freedom be that as it may, is imperative to profound quality and no ethical characteristics are brought about by freedom. Similarity shapes the premise of all the thinking worried about issues of realities. This causes individuals to accept that an occasion prompting a few results will consistently be the purpose behind such outcomes even in future. Nonetheless, the similarity is immaculate where the causes demonstrate the equivalent and the derivation made out of it can

The Relationship Between Child Abuse and BPD

The Relationship Between Child Abuse and BPD BPD Print The Relationship Between Child Abuse and BPD By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 21, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on November 21, 2019 James Darrel/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Does child abuse cause borderline personality disorder (BPD)? There is no simple answer; we dont yet know exactly what causes BPD, though it is believed to be a mix of biological and environmental factors.?? There is evidence that people with BPD are more likely to report a history of some type of child abuse or other distressing childhood experiences. Yet many people who have experienced child abuse do not have BPD and many people with BPD were not abused or maltreated as children. What Is Child Abuse? The term child abuse covers a wide range of mental and physical injuries done to a minor.  Experts generally assign a set of experiences to this category:?? Physical abuse: Physically hurt or injured, such as bruising or broken bonesSexual Abuse: Being subjected to a sexual experience or exploited in a sexual manner by someone olderEmotional abuse: Undergoing emotional attacks, such as verbal abuse or degradation A large percentage of people with BDP report experiencing child abuse during their childhoods. Forty to 76% of people with BPD report that they were sexually abused as children, and 25 to 73% report that they were physically abused. So, while there is a good deal of research that links childhood abuse to BPD, there is also evidence that about a third of people with BPD report no abuse.?? Other forms of abuse can be more passive, such as in the case of physical neglect where the child is denied basic necessities, like food or water. There is also emotional neglect, where a childs emotional needs are ignored. No form of abuse is necessarily considered more severe than another; all forms of abuse can have long-lasting implications for the person and can shape their mental state. Both child abuse and neglect can be related to the development of psychological disorders. Sometimes the term child maltreatment is used to describe both abuse and neglect of children.?? Research on Child Abuse and BPD Research does indicate that there is a relationship between child abuse and borderline personality disorder (BPD). People with BPD report high rates of childhood sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and/or physical abuse.?? There is also evidence to link BPD to other forms of child maltreatment, such as emotional and physical neglect. In fact, some research suggests that emotional and physical neglect may be even more closely related to the development of BPD than physical or sexual abuse. However, this is difficult to determine, since children who experience abuse also often experience some form of neglect. How Childhood Abuse Might  Lead to BPD If childhood abuse is a risk factor for BPD, what are the way in which these childhood experiences lead to the development of BPD?  A 2016 study found that emotional abuse was the most significant type of abuse in later BPD and that preoccupied adult attachment may be a mediator between the abuse and BPD.?? Other studies have likewise investigated the role of emotional abuse in later BPD. While these studies are important in looking for causes that may be preventable, they are also helpful in determining how treatment may help people currently coping with the disease, in particular, approaches involving emotion regulation.?? In addition to emotional abuse, emotional invalidation has also been tied to BPD, though it could be argued that an invalidating environment is a form of emotional abuse. Is BPD Different in Those Who Suffered Childhood Abuse? When comparing the symptoms of BPD in those who were abused as children and those who were not, its been found that sexual abuse in childhood specifically appears to be linked to an increased risk of suicidal attempts in people with BPD.?? The Bottom Line Research has fairly conclusively demonstrated a relationship between BPD and child maltreatment. That said, there is no clear evidence that maltreatment causes BPD. Research that demonstrates an association between two things doesnt necessarily prove that there is a cause between them. Clearly, with child abuse statistics indicating that abuse is much more common than we would think, it is important to determine whether or not it is one of the causes of borderline personality disorder.?? More research is needed to evaluate the precise relationships between childhood abuse and BPD, and if abuse is a cause, what types of child maltreatment are most closely associated with the development of BPD.   Its likely that BPD is related to the combination of a number of different factors, including genetic factors, temperament, biology, and other environmental considerations. BPD is a highly misunderstood disease. If you are living with BPD or know someone living with the disorder, take the time to learn what you can. Contrary to popular opinion, BPD is treatable, and those living with the disease can live meaningful lives.?? While there can be significant problems with interpersonal relationships, this aspect as well can be improved greatly with understanding on the part of both the person living with the disorder and those who care about him or her. Signs and Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1290 Words

According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the specific definition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological reaction occurring after experiencing a highly stressing event that is usually characterized by depression, anxiety, flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, and avoidance of reminders of the event (â€Å"post-traumatic stress disorder†). Widely known throughout the psychological community, PTSD is a very common disorder found in abused prisoners with resulting effects that greatly trouble the victim. With torture as a means of retrieving information affecting the United States’ security and with the new presidency, it is a current and pressing matter. Stress heightens the torture and affects the prisoner’s brain functioning†¦show more content†¦Although stress is designed for the sole purpose to get the captured to speak, it works in reverse as the person might become timid and too frightened to share information. Continuing, claimed by the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, an organization comprised of scientists focused on justifying the world s problems, a study suggested that anxiety causes the body to undergo neurobiological alterations (Costanzo, Gerrity, and Lykes). Supporting this, Trends of Cognitive Science, a journal zoning in on psychology, artificial intelligence, and neurobiology, brings up that because the hippocampus is full with stress hormones, the affected may be confused from memories and information from the past and the present. The individual might forget the information that is trying to be extracted (O’Mara). With the government trying to pry out lost information that the detainee does not remember, it leads to a waste of money and resources, including money spent on the interrogator and the payments to keep the facility running. Depression increases as the detainees’ only company becomes isolation. Mentioned in the academic journal informing about equal rights and morality, Social Justice, Donald Hebb, a Canadian psychologist in neuropsychology, conducted a study in which paid volunteers were placed in an empty room, hoping to see how a person would react without stimulation or activity. Hebb discovered their anxiety increased within just a fewShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

Half Price Books Summer Reading Program for Kids

Updated for the Half Price Books 2019 Summer Reading Program The Half Price Books summer reading program for kids gives out free Half Price Books gift cards to kids who read for at least 300 minutes during the months of June and July. This program is available  to kids preschool through middle school. The Half Price Books summer reading program for 2019 is called Feed Your Brain Summer Reading Program and it runs from June 1 to July 31, 2019. Looking for more summer reading programs that will score your kids some freebies? Check out my list of the best summer reading program freebies  where you can get free stuff from Barnes and Noble  and more. Rewards Available From the Half Price Books Summer Reading Program If a child reads at least 300 minutes during June and July they can submit their reading log to get $5 worth of HPB Bookworm Bucks for each month. These can be applied to a pre-tax amount of a single transaction. How to Get Free Gift Cards From the Half Price Books Summer Reading Program Visit the Feed Your Brain Summer Reading Program website, and download the Feed Your Brain Reading Log. Theyll need two logs, one for June and one for July. Each day your child reads during June and July have them write the number of minutes theyve read on that day on the calendar. The goal is to read at least 15 minutes each day of the week. At the end of each week, kids can add up their weeks total minutes and have a grown-up initial it. Total minutes for the month can be added up at the bottom of the calendar. After the child has read at least 300 minutes, fill out their name, age, and total minutes, as well as your name, email, and location information. Cut out the completed part of the form and bring it to your local Half Price Books to get your reward. The reading logs are due no later than August 29, 2019. Encouraging Your Child Through the Half Price Books Summer Reading Program When your kids are finished with a week, a month, or the whole program, you can fill out a Half Price Books Feed Your Brain Reading Award to keep them encouraged about their progress.   If you want to make some suggestions on what your child reads this summer, Half Price Books has put together a list of staff picks by grade level, best alphabet books, 40 books every child should read, and 21 books to start babys library. Limits to Be Aware Of The reading program is for kids 14 years of age or younger, in 8th grade or under. Theres a limit of one reading log per month, for each child. The HPB Bookworm Bucks expire August 31, 2019.

What Should Chateau Margaux Do Free Essays

What Should Chateau Margaux Do? Chateau Margaux, in Bordeaux region, has been the most splendid wines for many years with excellent reputation. Being the designated wine in the French State Banquet, the reputation is universal. There is limited room for the improvement of the brand images. We will write a custom essay sample on What Should Chateau Margaux Do? or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the rapid growth in the worldwide wine market, it is time for Chateau Margaux penetrating into it. China, one of the markets with rapid growth in economy, will be one of the best options. With the large population and growth in economy, the China wine market has expanded rapidly, especially for the wine in Bordeaux region. From the statistic from the China Wine Information Website, the import of wine from Bordeaux region has increased 82% in 2007 and soared 21 times in 8 years time. There is really a great opportunity for Chateau Margaux entering this huge potential market. In order to enter the China wine market, the top priority is to promote the brand and products. After cultivating in China market for years, French wines has become the pronoun of romance and elegance, and even the symbol of luxury. It is suggested that Chateau Margaux should set up a luxury store with wine cellar in China. The main purpose of the setting up is not selling wines in the stores, but increasing the publicity of the brand and products by holding different kinds of function. Since the first step is to let people know about Chateau Margaux, it is a good idea for Chateau Margaux inviting celebrities and wine critics to the open ceremony of the luxury store. Press conference can also be held to introduce Chateau Margaux to the public. This will be the stepping stone for Chateau Margaux entering the China market. As new to the China market, it is essential for Chateau Margaux taking part in some exhibitions and also wine tasting events, like the 2008China International Wine Liquor Expo. In participating in the 2008China International Wine Liquor Expo, which is the biggest wine professional exhibition in China, Chateau Margaux can let consumers know more about the products and even can take the benefits from the upcoming 2008 Beijing Olympic Game. However, during all the promoting functions, it is important to keep the image, â€Å"Chateau Margaux is a grand and luxury product† After promoting the brand and products to the public, Chateau Margaux should react quickly to suit with the China wine market. As most of the potential consumers in China are new to the high-end wine, they would like to know more information about the particular wine or even particular vintage, which is not included in the label of Chateau Margaux. A booklet introducing different Chateau Margaux wines will be published to let consumers have more in-depth information. Besides, it is possible for Chateau Margaux co-operating with China food enterprises since wine paired with food will be one of the ways to promote the products. Since the wine market in the rising economies countries like China increased so quickly, getting market shares in these places as quick as possible will promote the future growth of Chateau Margaux to the worldwide wine market. (521 words) How to cite What Should Chateau Margaux Do?, Papers

Music in Our Life free essay sample

We can almost hear music anywhere. Different music serves different functions In our life. Why is music Important to many people? Can you Imagine any type of dance without music? Dance steps are created according to the rhythm and beats of different types of music. Operas, plays and musicals all revolve around music. While watching different dance forms and musicals, you also enjoy the music that is a part of it. Dancing and music cannot be separated. When people dance, they usually need appropriate music to company.Tchaikovsky Is one of the greatest composers in the world, and his famous work Swan Lake Is created for the ballet. We almost can say that the ballet dancing gave Tchaikovsky Inspirations to write the music. Of course, other actively are all important for a culture. My favorite style of music is pop music, because it is breathtaking and full of energy. When I listen to pop music it makes me remember happy times and forget the problems of everyday life. We will write a custom essay sample on Music in Our Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It helps me to relax when Im tired, and entertains me when Id like to have fun. Its a pity that many young people eke to listen only to modern music.As for me, I also enjoy listening to classical music. I find It tuneful. Classical music Is always a complex of emotions. It gives me pleasure and a sense of happiness. Some composition of classical music Is really wonderful. Not long ago I listened to the First Piano Concerto, composed by Tchaikovsky. The power of his music captivated me. Everything has become more understandable, accessible and, as a consequence, the favorite. Without a doubt, and there appeared priorities favorite composer, a favorite symphony, opera and inimitable etc. I have, in mineral, a few favorite composers Ascribing, Haydn, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Brooding, Rachmaninoff Yes, they are all special, but the highlight of this particular Like a Tchaikovsky. First at all, let me Introduce a little bit about Tchaikovsky. He was born In 1840 in the family of an engineer in Bodkins, in the Rural. When he was ten years old, his parents sent him to the Law School, and then their family moved to SST. Petersburg. In this city, Tchaikovsky began to seriously study music. In 1862 he Joined the newly opened SST. Petersburg Conservatory. He wanted to become a composer.Tchaikovsky collection Is more to symphonies, operas genre, It Is easily to touch and close to my heart, I almost Like all the pieces of Tchaikovsky. Tchaikovsky composed symphonies, operas (egg, Undone, Eugene Noggin, Alienate), ballet (Swan Lake, Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty). All this is so close, familiar and dear to every Russian man, that here, analyzing that this man does not play an instrument, and the strings of the soul! Piano Concerto is less play by Tchaikovsky if compare with other pieces . But the most pieces I like and prefer to listen is Piano Concerto .Actually this ices Is listen It from drama Eugene Nonage . TLS pieces Is called portrait of love , Is the emotion expression to his lover of the charm and grace . This piece Is more romantic and fantasy. Songs from the beginning to the climax still remains to express the feelings of a gentle and graceful. I become a kind of comfortable feeling especially at night time. Notes are telling one, like a man in a romantic language. To the latter part of the song, repeated melodic piano like two people in a relatively the same descending slightly romantic tone in the end.That dedication and love for him reanimated to people, listening to his concerts, the symphony. Melodies from Swan Lake, Nutcracker is widely known. When we begin to consciously look at the world, the first composer that we know its Tchaikovsky, Gillian, and then, Beethoven, Bach, Ascribing. Tchaikovsky worked in almost all genres and everywhere brought something new and unique. But for him the favorite genre of opera was Only the operator brings you to the people unites your music with this audience. Tchaikovsky the embodiment of strong human emotions and experiences. Tchaikovsky music is deeply concerned and touched by any man.Genuine sincerity is heard in every sound, every line, which appeared from his brilliant pen. Tchaikovsky loved not only in Russia but also abroad, as sense of truth is the same for all people around the world. And this composer our countryman! The music I hate is heavy metal. I find it noisy and dreadful. When I listen to this style of music it presents to my mind pictures of dark days. Though some young people are fond of this style of music, it is not to everyones taste. To my mind, music too loud can destroy our ears. I am indifferent to other styles of music. For example, I dont mind listening to Jazz.Improvisation is an important part of this style, thats why a Jazz song may sound a little different each time it is played. I think that Jazz is a mixture of many different kinds of music, but I consider it a bit complicated. My mother and father approve of my tastes in music. Though they prefer to listen to classical and bard music, they think that, on the whole, modern music is not too bad. My parents agree that each generation has its own tastes. It goes without saying that music plays a very important role in peoples lives. It reflects our moods and emotions. Music appeals to our hearts and transforms our feelings.It conquers our souls and enriches our minds. Besides, listening to music is the perfect way to spend free time and not to feel bored. You can hardly find a person who doesnt like or need music and who never sings or dances. Music is beauty in sounds; it is our magic source of inspiration. Even nature has its own music. Birds chirping in the morning, water gushing down rivers, and breeze blowing through trees are all a part of natures own music. Life without music would be still and meaningless. That is the reason people listen to music for different reasons and at different times.

Macbeth the first peformance essays

Macbeth the first peformance essays The First Staging of Shakespeares Macbeth William Shakespeares first production of Macbeth was performed at the Old Globe Theatre in 1606. At the time James I was the king of Great Britain and Scotland. In 1606 his brother-in-law Christian IV visited King James. Many scholars suggest that Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in honor if Christians visit. The connection between King James I and Macbeth can be seen in many elements of the script. First, Banquos character is portrayed as an honest and strongman. He was to have been a descendent of the king. Second it believed that Shakespeare added witchcraft to the plot only to please the king (Asimov 1). Some scholars argue that Shakespeare first presented Macbeth in front of the king of Denmark at Hampton Court (Kay 318). But, there is little evidence to support that theory. The King probably went to the Old Globe Theatre to see Macbeth. Few specifics are known about the original Globe Theatre. It is believed to have been eight sided. It was an outside theatre that took on a round appearance and stood three stories high. The Globe theatre had a platform stage where the audience sat on three sides. It was similar to a modern day thrust theater. The original Globe theatre burned down in 1613. The thatch roofing and plaster building caught on fire during a performance if Henry XII. Most of the evidence left of the globe theatre is found in Shakespeare stage directions of his plays produced at this theatre. It is believed that the stage had four trap doors. Three smaller ones that the actor was able to walk up to and a larger one that required machine help. It was in these trap doors that the witches came out of, each having their own door. The cauldron was raised and lowered with smoky effects. This information is supported by the line that Macbeth speaks Why sinks that cauldron (Nagler 23). It questionab le if the center stage platfor...

Archaea Domain - Extreme Microscopic Organisms

Archaea Domain - Extreme Microscopic Organisms What Are Archaea? Archaea are a group of microscopic organisms that were discovered in the early 1970s. Like bacteria, they are single-celled prokaryotes. Archaeans were originally thought to be bacteria until DNA analysis showed that they are different organisms. In fact, they are so different that the discovery prompted scientists to come up with a new system for classifying life.  There is still much about archaeans that is not known. What we do know is that many are extreme organisms that live and thrive under some of the most extreme conditions, such as extremely hot, acidic, or alkaline environments. Key Takeaways Originally thought to be bacteria, Archaea are a separate group of microscopic organisms discovered in the 1970s. Archaeans are single-celled prokaryotes.Archaeans are extreme organisms. They can survive and even thrive under some of the most difficult conditions on planet Earth like very hot, extremely acidic, or very alkaline environments.Similar to bacteria, Archaeans have a number of different shapes. Cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), and irregular are some examples.Archaeans possess the typical prokaryotic cell anatomy that includes plasmid DNA, a cell wall, a cell membrane, a cytoplasmic area, and ribosomes. Some archaeans can also have flagella. Archaea Cells Archaeans are extremely small microbes that must be viewed under an electron microscope to identify their characteristics. Like bacteria, they come in a variety of shapes including cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), and irregular shapes. Archaeans have a typical prokaryotic cell anatomy:  plasmid DNA, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. Some archaeans also have long, whip-like protrusions called flagella, which aid in movement. Archaea Domain Organisms are now classified into three domains and six kingdoms. The domains include Eukaryota, Eubacteria, and Archaea. Under the archaea domain, there are three main divisions or phyla. They are: Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Korarchaeota. Crenarchaeota Crenarchaeota consist mostly of hyperthermophiles and thermoacidophiles. Hyperthermophilic microorganisms live in extremely hot or cold environments. Thermoacidophiles are microscopic organisms that live in extremely hot and acidic environments. Their habitats have a pH between 5 and 1. You would find these organisms in hydrothermal vents and hot springs. Crenarchaeota Species Examples of Crenarchaeotans include: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius - found near volcanic environments in hot, acidic springs containing sulfur.Pyrolobus fumarii - live in temperatures between 90 and 113 degrees Celsius. Euryarchaeota Euryarchaeota organisms consist mostly of extreme halophiles and methanogens. Extreme halophilic organisms live in salty habitats. They need salty environments to survive. You would find these organisms in salt lakes or areas where sea water has evaporated.Methanogens require oxygen free (anaerobic) conditions in order to survive. They produce methane gas as a byproduct of metabolism. You would find these organisms in environments such as swamps, wetlands, ice lakes, the guts of animals (cow, deer, humans), and in sewage. Euryarchaeota Species Examples of Euryarchaeotans include: Halobacterium - include several species of halophilic organisms that are found in salt lakes and high saline ocean environments.Methanococcus - Methanococcus jannaschii was the first genetically sequenced Archaean. This methanogen lives near hydrothermal vents.Methanococcoides burtonii - these psychrophilic (cold-loving) methanogens were discovered in Antarctica and can survive extremely cold temperatures. Korarchaeota Korarchaeota organisms are thought to be very primitive life forms. Little is currently known about the major characteristics of these organisms. We do know that they are thermophilic and have been found in hot springs and obsidian pools. Archaea Phylogeny Archaea are interesting organisms in that they have genes that are similar to both bacteria and eukaryotes.  Phylogenetically speaking, archaea and bacteria are thought to have developed separately from a common ancestor.  Eukaryotes are believed to have branched off from archaeans millions of years later. This suggests that archaeans are more closely related to eukayotes than bacteria. Interesting Archaeans Facts While Archaeans are very similar to bacteria, they are also much different. Unlike some types of bacteria, archaeans can not perform photosynthesis. Similarly, they cannot produce spores. Archaeans are extremophiles. They can live in places where most other life forms cannot. They can be found in extremely high temperature environments as well as extremely low temperature environments. Archaeans are a natural part of human microbiota. At present, pathogenic archaeans have not been identified. Scientists assume that they do not exist.

Analyzing My Writing Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing My Writing Experience - Essay Example While my writing experience is far behind the renowned essayists like Ralph Waldo Emerson or Michel de Montaigne, I am amazed reading their works. Montaigne’s wisdom, curiosity, and directness have set an example for other famous essayists and writers such as Francis Bacon, Charles Lamb, and even Emerson; Montaigne is known as â€Å"the father of familiar essay". Among Montaigne’s works that made a mark is Essais that gave a name to a favorite literary composition – the essay.Apart from studying literary compositions from the 19th century, I also enjoy reading essays from periodicals and glossy magazines.In reading a magazine, I always look for the essays contributed by some writers or readers. Narrative essays are more fun to read. Some are ten-paragraph essay while others have simple five paragraphs with uncomplicated and comprehensible thesis and details. In times when I do not prepare tax returns for my clients, I try putting my thoughts on paper. And when i n a nostalgic mood, I dig on my personal box to read the essays I have written. Writing is one of my hobbies, yet a very useful hobby in my professional life. For now, all I do is business correspondence for the clients in my tax practice. But since I started evaluating and internalizing the essays and other literary works that I read, I noticed some changes in my writing style. Even my clients noted the change: the letters I write for them no longer have the same conformity yet the formality is maintained.

Quiz 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Quiz 2 - Essay Example Bacterial reduction through this process prediction was nonetheless as a result of the exposure of rainwater to sunlight and sedimentation. The materials and methods of monitoring flood controls in water shed rely on the relative proximity of these areas to the dry lands. The relative proximity of spillways to dry lands provides a direct drainage facility. An example of this facility is the Pon Court and copperhead sites, which acted as the automated valve outlet pipes. These automated valves outlet pipes ensure a perfect flow of runoff from the bacterial infected areas, which contributes to a watershed within shorter durations. In summary, improvement of pollutant removal system has been brought online to be adopted by various towns and cities. This would ensure bacterial infections controls are adopted by a wider world’s populace. The remote view of water level and rain gauge data through the internet is an important interphase project. In addition to monitoring and controlling of this project, the remote view paved way for an inlet and outlet evaluation of bacterial concentrations in the retrofitted

Analysis of Pilotage and Pilots Limitation of Liability

Analysis of Pilotage and Pilots Limitation of Liability Provisional title of the thesis: A comparative analysis of pilotage and pilots limitation of liability in Australia. Area of investigation and/or the questions to be investigated Consider the following scenario. A vessel under the control of a compulsory pilot is maneuvering within a port limit. Master of the vessel follows the on-shore directions by the pilot and due to negligence of the pilot the vessel crashes into a wharf. Some basic questions that could arise from the above scenario are: Who is responsible for any damages? If the master, following an on-shore direction, enters a compulsory pilotage area without a pilot on board, is he guilty of an offence for proceeding without a pilot? Is the pilot liable for acting outside of pilotage? When does pilotage actually commence? Should the statutory rules regarding limitation of liability for pilots be changed to hold negligent compulsory pilots individually responsible for actions outside of pilotage? If a master follows a radioed direction provided by an on-shore pilot, should he be liable for proceeding without a pilot in a compulsory pilotage area?What is the liability for negligence of compulsory unlice nsed pilots?[1] Finally, what is the appropriate description of a master-pilot relationship? This research will investigate these questions. Theoretical significance of the project A pilot is someone who is very familiar with the port; endowed with a requisite professionalism and necessary local knowledge to maneuver a vessel in a port safely.[2] In addition, he is responsible for the protection of the environment and the promotion of the efficiency in the harbor.[3] In Australia, under section 6 of the Navigation Act 1912, pilot means a person who does not belong to, but has the conduct of, a ship. In terms of limitation of liability, section 410B(1) of the Navigation Act stipulates that a pilot who has the conduct of a ship is subject to the authority of the master of the ship and the master is not relieved from responsibility for the conduct and navigation of the ship by reason only of the ship being under pilotage. Although there are consistencies in the meaning of pilotage among jurisdictions in Australia, the pilotage legislations are slightly different in some states. For example, while the New South Wales Marine Safety Act 1998[4] considers the pilotag e as conduct of a vessel, the Port Authorities Act 1999 (WA)[5] describes pilotage as being in command of a vessel. The first issue is the definition of conduct of a ship. In Braverus Maritime Inc v Port Kembla Coal Terminal Ltd[6]the Federal Court of Australia concluded that the statute considered the pilot as the servant of a ship owner and simply listed the definition of pilot as it stands in the Navigation Act. In Fowles v Eastern Australian Steamship Co[7] Chief Justice Barton ,with reference to the Queensland Navigation Act (1876), explained thatthe master shall deliver and give in charge the vessel to the duly qualified pilot who shall first board or go alongside of such vessel in order to conduct the same into port, and such pilot shall if required by such master produce his authority to act as such pilot, and no master of any such vessel shall proceed to sea from any of the said ports or quit his station or anchorage in any port, without receiving on board the harbor master or some pilot appointed as aforesaid to move or conduct the said vessel to sea. Further, the comment of Christopher Hill stating what a pilot is not, purely and simply, is an adviser[8] is inconsistent with the practical concept[9] and the statutory definition of a pilot. The second issue is pilots limitation of liability. Under Navigation Act 1912 (Cth) section 410B (2) the exclusion of pilot from liability is absolute. Porter LJ in Tower Field v Workington Harbour and Dock Board[10]clarified that under Section 410B of Navigation Act  a ship owner who through a compulsory pilot is responsible for faulty navigation is responsible for damage to his own ship as well as for injury to the property of another. As far as the limitation of liability is concerned, the state legislations in Australia are comparatively aligned with the Navigation Act. In New South Wales, all pilots and pilotage service providers are excluded from liability for negligence.[11] Though, the pilot who willfully endangers the vessel or her crew is guilty of an offence.[12] In South Australia a pilot is excluded from liability for negligence.[13]In Victoria, under the Marine Act 1988 (Vic) a pilots liability is limited to $200 plus the amount of pilotage.[14]In Queensland, Pilots a re excluded absolutely from liability for negligence or damage.[15] Finally, in Western Australia, the pilots liability is limited to $200.[16] Moreover, a pilot is excluded from liability for negligence causing damage to the vessel.[17]In Oceanic Crest Shipping[18], where a vessel under the control of a negligent compulsory pilot damaged to a wharf in Western Australia, the pilot and harbor authority were completely excluded from liability for negligence. As can be seen, the traditional approach to pilotage has introduced difficulties and the concerned parties including, harbor authorities, ship owners and pilot service providers are faced difficulties to answers the questions mentioned in the section i. This research will help to solve the problems in dealing with pilotage by focusing on three main areas. First, the Australias pilotage regime should be re-assessed to provide clarified definitions. Second, the inconsistencies between the states should be eliminated through a uniform pilotage regime which is agreed by the states. Third, the pilotage regime should also determine a fair limitation of liability of pilots. Indeed, since the application of above mentioned changes will result in changing the settlements of claims and the expenses incurred by the relevant parties, this research will focus on how these changes would be addressed in future pilotage regime. Therefore, this research is aiming to reduce the inconsistencies either in the liability of pilots or in the limitation of liabilities in Australias pilotage regime. Proposed research methods I would provide a theoretical understanding of the research, that the legal regulations concerning pilotage and the limitation of liability in the light of the analysis of different states legislations in Australia and various legal acts in different countries. Therefore, the method which will widely be used is comparative method. The Function of pilots, their liabilities and the limitation of their liabilities will be studied and compared in the following acts, legislations and case law. Australia: Under Commonwealth Legislation: Navigation Act 1912 (Cth). The state legislations in New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia. The United Kingdom: Pilotage Act 1987 (UK) and Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (UK). Canada: The Pilotage Act, RSC 1985, c P-14. The United States: The national system of pilotage regulation both by the states and by the federal government. The reason these countries were selected is because their legal systems are mainly based on English common law. The analytical method will be implored to analyze legal concepts and rules concerning pilotage and limitation of liability in different legal systems. This is important because through this method, appropriate conclusions would be drawn, and possible suggestions would be proposed in the bid to improving Australian Legislation of Limitation Liability of Pilots and Pilotage. Proposed thesis structure including where possible, provisional chapter sketches Preliminary table of contents: Introduction Fundamental concepts of pilotage and pilots limitation of liability. National approaches to the pilotage and limitation of liability. 1. Australia 2. The United Kingdom 3. Canada 4. USA. Analysis of findings focusing on pilotage and limitation of liability in Australia. Conclusion including suggestions and mechanisms of addressing problematic issues. Timescale for the research: Year Research activities 1 To draft a research plan. Collation of data, reading of relevant materials and writing of the Introductory chapter. 2 Reading and evaluation of limitation of liability legislations in the United Kingdom and Australia. 3 A reading and evaluation of the limitation of liability legislations in Canada and USA. Publication of the main some aspects of the dissertation in the books, monography (this may not be necessary for now). 4 Analysis of findings, arrangement of thesis and final submission. Bibliography Table of Cases Braverus Maritime Inc v Port Kembla Coal Terminal Ltd [2005] FCAFC 256 Federal Court of Australia, 12 December 2005. Fowles v Eastern Australian Steamship Company Limited [1913] 17 CLR 149. Oceanic Crest Shipping Company v Pilbara Harbour Services Pty Ltd [1986] 160 CLR 626. Tower Field (Owners) v Workington Harbour and Dock Board [1950] 84 Ll. L. Rep. 233, 255. Textbooks Christopher Hill, Maritime Law (Lloyds of London, 3rd ed, 1989) 376. Table of Legislation Harbors and Navigation Act 1993 (SA). Marine Act 1988 (Vic) . Marine Safety Act 1998 (NSW). Pilots Limitation of Liability Act 1962 (WA). Port Authorities Act 1999 (WA). Port Authorities Act 1999 (WA). Transport Operations (Marine Safety) Act 1994 (Qld). Online Sources Shilavadra Bhattacharjee, What Are The Duties Of Officer On Watch When Pilot Is On Board Ship? (Marine Insight, 2016) accessed 6 December 2016. Henrik Nicander and Isak Isak, What Skills Do Port Pilots Need? (2014) accessed 6 December 2016. [1] Braverus Maritime Inc v Port Kembla Coal Terminal Ltd [2005] FCAFC 256 (12 December 2005) [2] Shilavadra Bhattacharjee, What Are The Duties Of Officer On Watch When Pilot Is On Board Ship? (Marine Insight, 2016) accessed 6 December 2016. [3] Henrik Nicander and Isak Isak, What Skills Do Port Pilots Need? (2014) accessed 6 December 2016. [4] Marine Safety Act 1998 (NSW) s 71(1). [5] Port Authorities Act 1999 (WA) s 3(1). [6] Opt.cit.n.1. [7] Fowles v Eastern Australian Steamship Company Limited [1913] 17 CLR 149. [8] Christopher Hill, Maritime Law (Lloyds of London, 3rd ed, 1989) 376. [9] Ibid. [10] Tower Field (Owners) v Workington Harbour and Dock Board [1950] 84 Ll. L. Rep. 233, 255 (Porter LJ). [11] Marine Safety Act 1998 (NSW) s 80(1): Neither the State, nor the Minister, nor a pilotage service provider is liable for any loss or damage that is attributable to the negligence of any person made available as a marine pilot by the pilotage service provider while the person is acting as a marine pilot. [12] Marine Safety Act 1998 (NSW) s 81: A marine pilot of a vessel who, by any wilful act or omission, endangers the vessel or its crew is guilty of an offence. [13] Harbors and Navigation Act 1993 (SA) s 36(3): The liability of the owner or master of a ship for damage resulting from a fault in the navigation of the ship is unaffected by the fact that the vessel is under pilotage or that the pilotage is compulsory. [14] Marine Act 1988 (Vic) s 104: A pilot is not liable in negligence in respect of the voyage on which the pilot is engaged for more than $200 plus the amount of pilotage in respect of voyage. [15] Transport Operations (Marine Safety) Act 1994 (Qld) s 101(1): A conducting pilot is not civilly liable for damage or loss caused by an act or omission of the conducting pilot. [16] Pilots Limitation of Liability Act 1962 (WA) s 3: Notwithstanding the provisions of any other Act or law, but subject to the Navigation Act 1912 of the Parliament of the Commonwealth, a pilot is not liable for neglect or want of skill in piloting a ship beyond the amount of $200 together with the amount payable to him on account of pilotage in respect of the voyage in which he was engaged when he became so liable. [17] Port Authorities Act 1999 (WA) s 99: The owner or master of a vessel moving under compulsory pilotage in a port is liable for any loss or damage caused by the vessel, or by a fault in the conduct or navigation of the vessel, in the same manner as the owner or master would be liable if pilotage were not compulsory. [18] Oceanic Crest Shipping Company v Pilbara Harbour Services Pty Ltd [1986] 160 CLR 626.

Obesity as a Social and Medical Problem Essay

Obesity has become an epidemic in our over indulgent North American society. In addition to body image issues, obesity causes significant health issues. Society often views the word obesity to be a disease when it is actually a sign of a disorder; genetic or environmental. The percentage of our population that is growing overweight is increasing every year, and can become a very serious issue if it is not dealt with more urgently. Problems relating to self-confidence, self-consciousness, and isolation can occur as a result. An enduring problem in today’s society, especially with children, has to deal with sociality. Public appearance is very important to us and when we don’t look good, or have a low self-esteem, it can lead to further issues; possibly fatal. Those with the â€Å"obese† label have to deal with social problems every single day. The fact they don’t look â€Å"normal† causes them to not fit in with the â€Å"regular crowd† and can lead to isolation issues. Being isolated from the majority of the population can lead to problems such as depression and later on, suicide. Another big influence on social problems relating to obesity is the media. Every day at some time, somewhere, we are watching TV, reading the newspaper, or searching the web. The media tends to give labels and meaning to words in which we get influenced on. The view that the media portrays to us is that if you are a certain weight, you are obese; and vice-versa. Another problem with the media is the amount of time our society spends on it. Time consumed on useless media takes away from time spent doing productive activities such as exercising. However, the corruption in social patterns relating to obesity isn’t the only problem. Another big factor stands on the medical side. Obesity is a risk in a number of prolonged diseases. Maintaining a healthy weight is critical in order to reduce the risk of those diseases and additionally, improve your overall health. Many children and youth have fewer opportunities to be physically active at school as physical education classes and time spent being physically active at school have been reduced. Being overweight or obese has many risks involved. Serious conditions such as a stroke, high blood pressure, and Type 2 diabetes, can occur as a result; just to name a few. Linked with health problems is a poor diet. Variations in our food environment have made it challenging to maintain a healthy weight. Society tends to want to eat more fast-food rather than cooking at home because it is cheaper and less time-consuming. We have become lazy when it comes to our diets. We don’t take into consideration the Food Guide and basically eat what we want, when we want. Obesity is also a major drain on the economy. The amount of money being spent on health care because of obesity-related diseases is astronomical. The Globe and Mail had an article headlined, â€Å"Obesity costs economy up to $7-billion a year†. By eating right and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, our society can cut down economic costs drastically. All we need to have is some discipline, the proper diet, and exercise. Numerous children today are spending less time exercising and more time in front of the TV, computer, or video-game console. Even worse, some schools have banned the use of balls used at recess. An article in the Toronto Star explained why such a peculiar ban took place at Earl Beatty Public School, â€Å"The letter stated that there have been a â€Å"few serious incidents† in which staff and students have been hit, or come close to being struck, by flying balls. Not only are we lacking in exercise, the catalyst for running around at recess has now been taken away for some. This issue is going to further decrease the amount of physical activity kids partake in, and increase the possibilities of obesity. Commuting to and from work also contributes to obesity when you consider that in order to get by, mo st families need to have at least two incomes. People often have to commute long distances to jobs, and with the minimal time for meal preparation, fast foods become a number one option. Furthermore, having supermarkets, as well as other grocery stores open all night, more money is being spent on expensive, half-prepared meals. Children need to have a healthy example with their parents being physically active and eating healthy. Preventing children from becoming overweight means adapting to the way your family eats and exercises. Many believe that it is the parents fault when it comes to child obesity, and they’re correct. Children don’t have the discipline to eat â€Å"healthy† foods and aren’t capable of preparing home-made meals. It is the parent’s job to influence and lead the way for our youth. If parents set a better example health-wise for their children, it is highly doubtful that the percentage of obesity would be even remotely close to where it is now. Managing and preventing obesity can lead to many societal benefits. Having healthy, positive-minded people in our cities is always encouraging. Managing obesity can lessen the stress that occurs at work, as well as create a friendlier environment. Having a good work environment has shown to raise productivity, therefore creating better capital. Another optimistic result from obesity management in society is the discipline factor. If those that are overweight can overcome a huge default in their life, by working hard and staying focused, it will then translate into other aspects of their day-to-day lives. Our society will become that of a disciplined one, therefore work will become more productive because there is better focus on the tasks at hand; furthermore, children in school will become more confident because of how hard they worked as well as their new self-image. Overall, if our world can manage and prevent obesity, living can ultimately consist more of positive vibes and less of anxiety. In conclusion, it is clear we have a serious issue with obesity that impacts many aspects of people’s lives. It is an austere condition that doesn’t get monitored with enough concern. Possibilities such as Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure are the two leading causes from being overweight. Medical, as well as social research can help people further comprehend that weight and obesity issues are vastly social, not individual. We have to start working together on fighting obesity. We are a lazy society and we tend to make things harder than they really are. If society works together to help those in need by giving them the courage and confidence needed to make a personal change, this unnecessary burden called obesity can be upheld. It all starts with the right diet as well as exercise and a strong commitment. As little as ten minutes a day on the bike can improve one’s health. The ball is in our court, and stronger action needs to be taken. We need to start now because the benefits to individuals as well as society are well worth the effort.

Stereotypes about Homelessness in America in Dumpster...

Stereotypes about Homelessness in America in Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner Lars Eighners short essay, Dumpster Diving, reveals the stereotypes about homelessness in America. In order to confirm these known stereotypes about American culture, Eighner includes autobiographical accounts of the economically inferior class, as well as revealing his elitist rules that governs the life of a homeless person. According to Eighner, homeless people fall into the following categories, can scroungers, Dumpster divers, and scavengers. (Eighner, 1993). In addition, Eighners blatant demonstration of his superiority to the people he scavenges from reveals his true character of snobbery. Although Eighner reveals that his chosen lifestyle†¦show more content†¦He further proports that can scroungers blatantly tear up the dumpsters and disregard perfectly good items for other homeless people. Eighner sees can scroungers at the bottom of his elitist list because of the obtrusiveness to the practice of common scavengers. Furthermore, Eigher declares, a true scavenger hat es to see good stuff go to waste, and what he cannot use he leaves in good condition in plain sight. Eighner as a homeless person uncovers his working within tradition of an archeologist. Similar to the archeologist, Eighner dubiously obtains information about those he scavenges from. Eighner feels that the refuge of the common consumer is more valuable then what people originally think. Eighner fervently states, I avoid trying to draw conclusions about the people who dump in the Dumpsters I frequent, when in fact he constantly juxtaposes his position to the affluent people. For instance, Eigher frequents affluent college dorms because of the extreme wastefulness the college students exhibit. He further passes judgment begrudgingly stating, ..its Daddys money.(Eighner, 1993) Moreover, it is the use of these rhetorical strategies that the author implements to deliberately expose his superiority over college students because of his swiftness in retrieving private information. Eighne rs pretension even expands into academia where he finds; college students often discard their papers. I am horrifiedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dumpster Diving By Lars Eichner972 Words   |  4 PagesInterpretation of Eichner Homelessness has been an increasingly difficult problem to solve within America. Though it affects many, nearly one-fourth of homeless people are veterans, most of which have served in Vietnam or have had an honorable discharge. â€Å"Dumpster Diving,† by Lars Eichner is a nonfiction short story about how society is quick to judge people based on their possessions. Eichner narrates this short story as a homeless man forced to survive by living off of the discarded materials of

The story The Yellow Wallpaper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 682 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Did you like this example? The story The Yellow Wallpaper was published in the year 1892 by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Gilman was married to Charles Stetson, an artist, and they had a daughter, but after the birth of their daughter Gilman, went into a deep and long-drawn depression. She was receiving medical treatment for her depression but the medication only angered her. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The story The Yellow Wallpaper" essay for you Create order Gilman was limited by her society and the people around her. She was told that she could not put her hand on a pen, brush, or pencil again. With all that build up anger she was able to create her most famous story The Yellow Wallpaper and start her long career as lecturer and writer exposing the feminist issues in society. In her second marriage her mental health had been improved, but she shortly ended her life in 1935. Gilman mostly focused in the genres of feminist fiction and gothic literature. The story starts off with the narrator writing in her sercret journal, that she keeps from her husband, to relieve her mind. The narrator starts to describe the setting to the readers and she talks about the revolting wallpaper and how much she wants to rip it of the wall, which later turns into an obession in the story. As she is describing the room she is in she talks about how it could have been an old nursery. The reason why she is in that room is because her husband, John who is also her doctor, and her are taking a vacation because she has been dealing with post-department depression. In the story John threatens to send her to a physician, Weir Mitchell, if she was not getting better by the end of their vacation. Throughout the story the reader can see that it gets harder and harder for the narrator to stop talking about changing the wallpaper. One night when she could not sleep she saw a figure, a woman trapped inside of the wallpaper pattern. As she sees that woman she begins to notice that the woman was her trpped between the patterns of the paper. She starts tearing the wallpaper but not to get rid of the woman, but to free her. As she is ripping off the wallpaper her husband comes home to discover her crawling on all fours. After he sees her, he then collaspe of shock. The theme the author mostly foreshadowed was self exprssion. In the 1800s there was not a lot of self expression from woman because they were so limited by society. Mental health issues started to form in a lot of women. Wheter it was post- departmetdepression or just depresion in general they did not know what to do. People just thought it was not a big deal they will just get over it one day. The Fall of the House of Usher was published in the year 1840 by Edgar Allan Poe. Poe was born in Boston, but before he turned three years old his parents died. Poe was later adopted by a couple, the Allans, whose name he added into his own name. He was a student in the University of Virginia but his acceptance ended when he fell into drinking and gambling. Soon after that he was enlisted into the army. When he was accepted into West point, he ruined his possbility for being a soldier as a career and he will never escape from his pattern. In 1836 he got married to his cousin, Virginia Clemm, he was thirteen at the time. He became an editor at Richmond Southern Literary Messenger while mangeing his publication, The Stylus. He won a lot of literary prizes because of his writing career, but it was not enough finically support his wife and him. His acholism costed his jobs in journalism. Later on in 1847 his wife died and he met wealthry widow that he would soon be married to. He was going to travel to go meet her in 1849, but went out to celebrate with his friends. He was found in Baltimore street unconscious then died a few days later. Poe writing genre was mostly gothic literature.

Listening For Your Favorite Music - 2380 Words

Listening to your favorite music brings a sense of happiness and sustainability to help you overcome your normal school or work day. It also makes one feel quite energized and gain a sense of confidence. However besides having increasing motivation and having an energy boost, music can make one feel smarter and even intelligent. In recent studies, experiments including like â€Å"The Mozart Effect† are proving that listening to music specifically Mozart sonatas can make one score at least 30 points more on a test like the SAT and ACT (How Music Affects the Body). Besides making one gain intelligence, music has been proven to get rid of physical pain. A recent study that was conducted at Aarhus University in Denmark reported that most of the patient s reported that they felt less unpleasant and less intense. â€Å"The problem with most chronic pain is all the medicines they are forced to take. Whatever it may be, it’s bad because it can cause stomach upset, can be addic tive, etc.† (Peter Vuust, Aarhus University, Denmark) . All that music can do is very unbelievable. Science has changed everything that we know into something like music that can be used as medicine. Listening to your favorite music can reduce feelings of physical pain, increase intelligence, and increase creativity. Besides the fact of music increase intelligence and increasing creativity, it has been proven that by many different studies that music can perhaps be known to lower the physical affects of pain. AsShow MoreRelatedEssay The Relationship Between Music and The Brain1023 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between music and the brain has always intrigued me; why dose listening to music help ease certain task, things we do everyday like driving, leaning, relaxing or working out. I will analyze music and the effect on the brain, from health to physical and mental training. 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AlisonRead MoreMusic s Impact On The Music Revolution1729 Words   |  7 Pageskey aspects which are: the venues music was made in, the way the audience listened to the music, and the way the music was disseminated. These are unique in that there is no clear separation between them and at times some of the changes that have been made can impact all three at the same time. The age in which we live in is experiencing all of these aspects to one degree or another. It is difficult for someone my age to understand that we are living in a music revolution the likes of which hasRead MoreWhat Was The Last Song You Listened To? Do You Recall The1255 Words   |  6 Pagesyou should know that you have provided your brain with an activity that has strengthened it. Listening to music is one of the most beneficial ways to fortify your brain. The human brain is the central command for the nervous system and sends commands to muscles and organs. 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10 Ways How Photoshop Changed History of Photography Free Essays

10 Ways How Photoshop Changed the History Of Photography by Steven Campbell on Apr. 2nd, 2010 In the past, you had to be very patient as a digital photographer. If you wanted to catch something spectacular you had to carry your camera with you everywhere until you saw something special. We will write a custom essay sample on 10 Ways How Photoshop Changed History of Photography or any similar topic only for you Order Now To capture a sunrise you had to get up at the crack of dawn. Models had to spend hours in the makeup room and studios had to be well lit. Everything I just mentioned changed instantly with the invention of Photoshop. Photoshop has changed the history of digital photography. Nowadays, when you look at an amazing photo or image your first impression is still â€Å"wow† but your immediate second thought is â€Å"that has to be photoshopped†. When you think of the history of Photoshop and everything Photoshop did to change the game, it’s pretty insane. In this article, I’m going to cover some of the ways how Photoshop has changed digital photography forever. How We See the World [pic] The most significant effect Photoshop has had on us is how we see our world. Digital artists and manipulators know how to take an ordinary photograph and turn it into something completely different and extraordinary. [pic] Images that are photoshopped really have me doubting reality sometimes. Whether they have to do with people, places, or things, you can’t argue with the creativity and time that goes into some of these images. They give you a new perspective on the world. How We View History [pic] Aside from the historical significance of digital photography, Photoshop has changed the way we view history in general. Historical photographs can be photo shopped just as easily as any other image, which leaves you wondering if you are viewing a historical painting or a modern piece of Photoshop art. How We Advertise I bet you were wondering when I was going to get to this part. Advertising has changed forever due to image manipulation. You can’t look through a magazine without seeing dozens of photo shopped ads (I dare you to try). [pic] Think about what this means. To me, this says that companies that used to run text ads or had to hire a photographer to take their photos can now just pay someone to make their ad on a Mac or PC. Photoshop has changed advertising and business as a whole. How We View the Human Form [pic]Photoshop has also changed our image of what the perfect person looks like. With models and celebrities – most notably – we have seen Photoshop go into every magazine cover and spread in modern existence. Allow me to touch on a few examples of this. Erasing Blemishes Ever wonder how your favorite actor looks so perfect all the time? Well, they don’t. Image editing has led us to believe that some people are actually perfect in appearance, when in reality these photos have been doctored. You want to look perfect in all of your photos? Start learning Photoshop. Adding Style [pic]You can do anything you want to a person on Photoshop. Hair color, eye color, fashion, you name it – you can change everything. Age Progression Want to see what Katie Holmes might look like in a few dozen years? Someone’s already thought of that. Thought of that. [pic] You can use Photoshop for practical means like predicting age progression. It takes a bit of talent, but nonetheless it’s a possibility. How We Witness Nature [pic] If you’ve ever seen Planet Earth on the Discovery Channel you know that there are some beautiful places on this planet with some crazy looking creatures living there. Photoshop has allowed artists to get even more creative with nature and create their own species and landscapes. See the skull in that tree? What We Find Humorous [pic]A lot of photo shopped images are meant to be funny. Creators use irony and humor to adapt digital photos to make us laugh. To Make Fantasy Reality pic]Aside from all the real world examples of Photoshop history, images are constantly created to invoke our imagination. When you look at one of these pieces of art you are able to visualize the artist’s dreams and fantasies. What did we do before this? Conclusion These are the 10 ways I’ve noticed that Photoshop has changed the history of the digital photograph. There’s got to be more but these things just don’t jump out at me anymore due to the norms I’m accustomed to in the Photoshop era. What do you think about Photoshop? Has it affected your life in some way? How to cite 10 Ways How Photoshop Changed History of Photography, Essay examples

Economics in Business Regulation in Natural Monopoly Market

Question: Discuss about the Economics in Business for Regulation in Natural Monopoly Market. Answer: Introduction The focus of the essay is the discussion on natural monopoly. The market structure of natural monopoly is analysed to get an insight about the necessity of regulation of this market. A natural monopolist has the potential to supply product or service to the entire market at a lower cost than multiple firm can do (Bos, 2015). The difference between a monopolist and a natural monopolist is that they monopolist operates at the rising segment of the marginal cost curve as MC curve is the supply curve of the firm. On the other hand, a natural monopolist can operate at the falling region of average cost curve. Entry is automatically restricted in natural monopoly market due to its nature. The possible barriers that can restrict entry of new firm in the market are high start up cost, high sunk cost and many other reasons. A monopolist is a price setter rather than price taker. Natural monopoly may be weak or strong. In the market, where natural monopoly is strong, chances of entry is less and probability of new entry is high when natural monopoly is weak (Baldwin, Cave, Lodge, 2012). Monopolist tries to exploit market by charging higher price. Therefore, in order to correct market inefficiency, government regulations are required. The necessity of regulation in natural monopoly is thus discussed in this essay. Natural monopolist operates at the falling region of average cost curve, where the firm gets throughout economies of scale. Hence, the firm is able to produce a higher output at a lower price. However, this result does not happen in an unregulated market (Makholm, 2015). A monopolist charges a price higher than competitive price. In a monopoly market, there is absence of close substitute product or service. Hence, charging higher price excludes some customers from consume the product (Hovenkamp, 2015). Therefore, monopolists reach at the equilibrium level, by producing and supplying output less than socially desirable level. However, the market structure is such that entry is not attractive or new entrants are incapable to survive. The above figure shows that natural monopolist produces output at the intersection point of marginal revenue and marginal cost curve. The firm operates at the falling portion of the marginal cost curve. In an unregulated monopoly market, the firm charges price much higher than its marginal cost exercising its monopoly power (Joskow Wolfram, 2012). Benefits of natural monopolist As the firm is single producer in the market, it can provide entire output at a lower cost than multiple firms could do. Due to lower operating cost, the firm gets economies of scale in production process. Economies of scale are obtained by firms, when inputs exhibit increasing returns to scale (Hillman Braeutigam, 2012).It means that, the firm is able to produce a large output with using a smaller unit of inputs. Therefore, variable cost becomes lower although the production. As stated by Nepal, Menezes Jamasb (2014), natural monopoly may be strong or weak. A strong natural monopolist has decreasing average cost, whereas a weak monopolist has increasing average cost. A weak monopolist finds itself in a position that it cannot be able to restrict the entry of new firm in the presence of supernormal profit (Vikharev, 2013). Therefore, this kind of natural monopoly is unsustainable in long run. Price regulation is desirable for the sustainability of weak monopoly in the market. A strong monopolist can operate at the point, where the average cost curve still declines to cut the average revenue. Therefore, it naturally restricts the entry of new firm in the market, as it becomes difficult for a new firm to compete with a cost efficient firm with high initial cost structure (Minamihashi, 2012). Costs in unregulated natural monopoly market In an unregulated monopoly market, the firm charges price much higher than its marginal cost exercising its monopoly power. The price is set as per average revenue. This price output decision reduces social welfare. The price charged in an unregulated monopoly is higher than competitive price and output is less than the competitive output (Carvalho Marques, 2014). Hence, the government decides to regulate the market in order to bring efficiency in production and resource allocation and to maximise consumer welfare. Deadweight loss is created in the unregulated market due to charging higher price. A portion of consumer surplus is lost, which even cannot be appropriated by the monopolist (Minamihashi, 2012). Triangle AED in the figure is deadweight loss in an unregulated monopoly. Need for price regulation by government As shown in the figure, market failure occurs in the natural monopoly due to inefficient allocation of goods and services in the economy. A higher level of output can be produced by the firm, which can make consumer better off. Therefore, government has two options to regulate the market. One is average cost pricing and other is marginal cost pricing (Vikharev, 2013). Marginal cost pricing is done by setting price level at the intersection point of average revenue and long run marginal cost. This output is even greater than competitive output. Price is also lower than competitive price. This is the output that maximises consumer welfare. However, this price is optimal for the monopolist. At this level, price is lower than the long run average cost. As P LRAC firm makes loss in the long run. Therefore, it is unprofitable for the firm to operate in long run. The firm would be compelled to shut down plant (Hillman Braeutigam, 2012). In this situation government needs to provide subsid y to keep the firm in operation. Marginal cost pricing is costly for the natural monopolist. Another option for the government is average cost pricing. Price is set at the intersection of long run average cost and average revenue. AR = AC implies TR = TC, which indicates that firm earns only normal profit by operating at this level. The output at this level is greater than unregulated output Qm and price is less than unregulated price Pm. Although, the firm is not getting supernormal profit, it is not making loss even. Therefore, both consumer and producer welfare can be maximised at this level. Hence, among the three situation, average cost pricing is socially optimal as it maximises both production and allocation efficiency(Baldwin, Cave, Lodge, 2012). Examples of natural monopoly Example of natural monopoly is seen in the economy in the market of public utility such as railways, electricity, water supply, telecommunication and others. Government allows natural monopoly but intervene to protect consumer interest. A single utility company can supply power lines, electricity in the cities, as the operation requires high fixed cost (Makholm, 2015). The nature of demand is such that cities do not allow multiple companies to operate. Joskow Wolfram (2012) stated that natural monopoly exists where there are large fixed cost and low marginal cost. Marginal cost pricing is undesirable due to having negative externality. Natural monopoly creates market failure in the presence of imperfect market information and inefficient resource allocation. Hovenkamp (2015) argued that market failure is likely to occur in the network industry. These types of industries are capital intensive and require huge investment at the start up level. Sunk cost is also high in this industry. Most of assets used in this sector is durable and hence creates high barrier to entry. Railways in UK are an example of natural monopoly, where government regulates the market through price discrimination policy. Government regulates the railway fare for longer distance tickets so that the operators cannot increase fare above the price floor (Strether, 2014). On the other hand, the operators have freedom to charge higher price for unregulated types of tickets. Here, the concept of cross subsidy is applied by the government. Cross subsidisation refers that a firm charges price lower than operating cost to a group of customer and financed by charging high price to other group of customers. It happens in an industry that a supplier concentrates on an area where cost of supply is the lowest (Hillman Braeutigam, 2012). Low cost production generates profits to allow entry of new firms in the market. Therefore, there is possibility that competitors may enter into the market. Therefore, firm cannot sustain in the market without legislative protection by government. Peak load pricing is another option for natural monopolist to generate high profits. A firm can charge high price for a service or product, when demand is high and charges lower price when demand is low. This strategy enables the firm to use production capacity effectively. Carvalho Marques (2014) opined that technological up gradation in production leads to transformation of natural monopoly into competitive market. Technological development has made telecommunication industry more competitive in recent times. Technological improvements can decrease operating by bringing efficiency in production. Technology improves productivity of the inputs by ensuring increasing returns to scale (Vikharev, 2013). Therefore, firm can produce large output with minimum cost generating super normal profit as the marginal cost of production is falling. Existence of super normal profit in the market induces external firms to enter into the market. Therefore, external forces can break natural monopoly and produces socially inefficient output. Government intervention can correct the market failure in this situation (Carvalho Marques, 2014). Government can use price ceiling strategy to set the price at the level of average cost incurred by existing firm. The firm earn only normal profit at this level. Hence, there will be no incentive for other firms to enter into the market. The existing firm can freely operate in the market by producing socially optimal output same as competitive level without making loss. This king of regulation restricts competition and maximises social welfare as well. Conclusion The essay presents an extensive analysis on natural monopoly. It has been seen that monopolist generally maximises profit by producing output where marginal cost curve cuts the marginal revenue curve. However, price is set according to the average revenue and not by marginal revenue. The firm exploits consumer surplus in this way and a portion of consumer surplus results in deadweight loss, which is achieved neither by sellers nor by the consumers. This high price has a social cost as some customers are not able to buy the product due to high price and lack of substitute goods in the market. In order to correct the market failure, government may two decisions such as marginal cost pricing and average cost pricing. If the price is regulated to set at the level where, long run marginal cost equates with average revenue curve, firm makes loss as average cost is less than price and marginal cost. Therefore, only government subsidy can keep the firm in business, however, this is not the optimal solution. Therefore, another option is average cost pricing. Government regulates the market so that the firm can set price equal to the average cost and average revenue, where the firm can earn only normal profit. Competitive price and output, both are better in the regulated market compared to the unregulated one. Natural monopoly exists in the sector of public utilities such as electricity, railways, waterways, and telecommunication. Natural monopoly can be seen in both public and private sector. It has been studied that technological progress supports the existence of natural monopoly in the presence of government regulation. References Baldwin, R., Cave, M., Lodge, M. (2012). Understanding regulation: theory, strategy, and practice. Oxford University Press on Demand. Bos, D. (2015). Pricing and price regulation an economic theory for public enterprises and public utilities (Vol. (Vol. 34). ). Elsevier. Carvalho, P., Marques, R. C. (2014). Computing economies of vertical integration, economies of scope and economies of scale using partial frontier nonparametric methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 234(1), 292-307. Hillman, J. J., Braeutigam, R. (2012). Price level regulation for diversified public utilities (Vol. (Vol. 5)). Springer Science Business Media. Hovenkamp, H. ( 2015). Federal Antitrust Policy, The Law of Competition and Its Practice. West Academic. Joskow, P. L., Wolfram, C. D. ( 2012). Dynamic pricing of electricity. The American Economic Review, 102(3), 381-385. Makholm, J. D. (2015). Regulation of natural gas in the United States, Canada, and Europe: Prospects for a low carbon fuel. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, reu017. Minamihashi, N. ( 2012). Natural monopoly and distorted competition: evidence from unbundling fiber-optic networks. Nepal, R., Menezes, F., Jamasb, T. (2014). Network regulation and regulatory institutional reform: Revisiting the case of Australia. Energy Policy, 73,, 259-268. Strether, L. (. (2014). UK Rail Shows Pitfalls of Natural Monopoly Privatization. Retrieved December 25, 2016, from www.nakedcapitalism.com: https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2014/08/uk-rail-shows-pitfalls-natural-monopoly-privatization.html Vikharev, S. (2013). Mathematical modeling of development and reconciling cooperation programs between natural monopoly and regional authorities.

The Evolution of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Chicano Art free essay sample

A beautiful dark-skinned brunette stands before you. Her long, flowing hair beautifully frames her sweet face and demure smile. Yards of richly colored clothing adorn her tall, slender frame. Rays of sunlight appear from behind, emphasizing pure beauty. Her hands are joined together and she holds them at her chest in worship or, perhaps, in gratitude. Who is she, or rather, who do you see? Practicing Catholics all over Central and South America see a venerated patron saint. In Mexico, she is immediately recognizable as symbolic mother of a nation, ‘nuestra madre. New generations of mestizos see a symbol of all that is woman, as real and complex as their mothers, sisters, daughters, and lovers. Who you see depends on who you are, but all identify her as the Virgin of Guadalupe, perhaps the most recognizable icon to emerge out of post-conquest Americas. La Virgen of Guadalupe has evolved throughout history as a cross-cultural and multi-generational icon of virginity, femininity, purity, and maternal love. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Chicano Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her presence can be seen everywhere, on clothing, jewelry, car windows, and even on coffins. This essay charts the evolution of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Chicano art, from religious icon to feminist mascot; I examine the forms in which contemporary Mexican-American artists have adopted this image, in the tradition of the Chicano art movement, to galvanize communities toward a common social or political cause, and, as Chicana artists will co-opt her image as a vehicle to assert gender issues within the larger agenda, I will argue that the opposition to such efforts reveals a double-standard of allegiance in stark contrast to the goals of the Chicano movement. To understand how La Virgen has evolved outside of her intended religious context, her genesis must first be examined. Origin stories vary but, according to tradition, on Dec 9, 1531, Juan Diego first saw La Virgen on top of Tepeyac, a hill northwest of Mexico City. She instructed him to have the Bishop build a church on the site. Little Juan Diego immediately found the Bishop and relayed the message, but was dismissed as a storyteller. Three days later, on Juan Diego’s walk to church, la Virgen again reappeared. This time, she told Juan Diego to go the hilltop and pick roses, pack them in his tilma, and take them to the bishop to prove he saw her and to convince the bishop to build a church there. When he presented them to the bishop as instructed, he dropped his cloak with the roses. What appeared in their place was the brightly painted image of the Lady. Once news spread of Juan Diego’s sightings of the Mother of God speaking to him in his native tongue, thousands traveled to Mexico City to see the legendary cape of the ‘brown‘ Virgin Mary. Some say the Virgin of Guadalupe represents early efforts at syncretism by the Catholic church in an era when indigenous religious practices were discouraged. Jeanette Rodriguez explores this theory in Our Lady of Guadalupe, beginning with an in depth analysis of the Aztec empire and its eventual conquest by the Spanish. Rodriguez argues that, through conquest and colonialism, Christian deities overpowered indigenous gods in terms of propagandistic exposure and eventually a dichotomy of virtues emerges. The monotheistic male god came to represent power, assertiveness, rationality and independence, attributes once associated with Aztec gods. Opposing characteristics like purity, virginity, fertility and maternal love were then attributed to female deity figures, like the Euro-Catholic Virgin Mary and Aztec goddess, Tonantzin. Concurrently, contends Rodriguez, the folkloric story of Juan Diego and La Virgen on Tepayac Hill emerges and the legend of Guadalupe is born. Eventually, this image evolves into the dominant national icon, symbolizing the new mestiza, who was born from both Spanish and indigenous blood. Jody Brant Smith agrees, in The Image of Guadalupe, that she appeared â€Å"miraculously on the cactus cloth tilma, or cape, of Juan Diego, an Aztec peasant, in 1531, a mere dozen years after Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico for the King of Spain. † This cape proved valuable to the Church and its goals of conversion. â€Å"In just seven years, from 1532 to 1538, eight million Indians were converted to Christianity. Whether one believes the Virgin de Guadalupe appeared to Juan Diego on the hill or believe that Guadalupe was created to convert the Indians to the Catholic Church, the legend of Guadalupe as we know her today begins at this time. As a placebo for a changing guard, La Virgen de Guadalupe proved highly successful. The iconic image of La Virgen de Guadalupe remains static in both form and symbolism until the mid twentieth cen tury, when a new movement among Mexican-Americans emerges in California, dubbed the Chicano movement. As visual propaganda becomes a large part of the movement, a significant body of art with common themes and styles, known as Chicano art, follows. This shift in subject matter among Mexican-American artists toward a specific social and political agenda began earlier, as evidenced by the work of Rivera, Orozco, and Posada, but, it isn’t until the mid 1960’s that national or religious iconographic images are recycled to support a larger political or social agenda. Scholars cite the famous 1966 United Farm Workers protest, in defense of migrant farm worker’s rights, as the beginning of what is now known as the Chicano Art movement. Organizers for the protest communicated through graphic art forms, like newsletters, posters, and cartoons. Symbolism and iconography that drew upon cultural resources, like La Virgen de Guadalupe and an Aztec inspired thunderbird, connected visual communication to these agendas. Reclamation of traditional cultural and religious iconography for political purposes becomes a recurring theme among Mexican-American artists and the defining criteria for the classification of art as Chicano. While Chicano art differs from Mexican art in that Mexican and other Latin art is rooted in pre-Columbian traditions and folklore, Chicano art also acknowledges American education and experience as part of what shapes an artist and his message. On the heels of the Chicano movement, the Civil Rights movement, and public outrage over America’s participation in the Vietnam War, women’s issues also battle for attention on a national level. Feminism as a movement gains significant momentum in the 1960’s; within a decade, Chicana feminists begin to use Guadalupe in their artwork. As Rosie the Riveter forged a path for Anglo feminists, Guadalupe remains the most powerful vehicle for the Chicana agenda. Up until this point, the Virgin was most often appropriated for purely inspirational purposes, and artist’s interpretation of her image and intent remain congruous to her religious authority. Now, in light of new feminist theory, says Felipe Ehrenberg in Framing an Icon: Guadalupe and the Artist’s Vision,â€Å" Latina artists â€Å"seek to reconstruct the deity’s presence, and in doing so, manage to define her usefulness to their causes. † Ester Hernandez, a Chicana artist working early in the movement’s history, is one of the first to utilize the visual power of La Virgen for feminist purposes. Hernandez’s work, which has exhibited internationally, focuses on â€Å"the dignity, strength, experiences, and dreams of Latina women. † The etching, La Virgen de Guadalupe Defendiendo los Derechos de los Xicanos, (etching; 1974), does not explore issues of sexuality, but rather Hernandez takes the opportunity to make a social statement. The image portrays a woman in karate clothes, stepping out of the classic ring of sunrays, with one leg in the air in a classic Karate pose. Reinterpreted by Hernandez, La Virgen is now a symbol of emerging feminist ideas, and will set the path for similar explorations by other Chicana artists. Born in 1942, Yolanda Lopez is another Chicana artist who uses Guadalupe as a springboard to discuss a feminist agenda. Lopez portrays herself in the image of la virgen in Portrait of the Artist as the Virgin of Guadalupe (oil pastel on paper, 1978, 32â€Å"x24â€Å"). No longer a passive icon, Lopez utilizes Guadalupe to represent slowly shifting views about gender issues and sexuality in Chicano culture. Lopez situates herself in the position of the virgin, assuming the role. However, Lopez instead depicts herself athletic and strong, even assertive. She wears jogging shoes and a grin as she appears to sprint toward the viewer. Juan Diego, the putti-like boy that generally supports the virgin in traditional versions, instead lay underfoot. Still, characteristics that identify this portrayal as an interpretation of Guadalupe are unmistakable: the palette remains faithful to original portrayals, the iconic rays surround her, and the navy tilma billows behind Lopez as she moves. For early Chicana feminist artists, utilizing the iconic image of La Virgen de Guadalupe is critical to their agenda; in the tradition of the Chicano art movement, Guadalupe recalls nationalistic affiliations while including gender issues as part of the debate. However, secondary to political concerns of the Chicano movement as a whole, Chicana artists whose work serves to insert gender issues into the rubric of the Chicano movement are criticized within the community. Says Gaspar de Alba, â€Å"[a]ny divergence from that role, be it through a political engagement with the ideology of women’s liberation, as in the case of Chicana feminists [†¦] mmediately casts Chicanas who subscribe to either or both of these choices in a suspect light. † Further challenging the virgin ideal, new generations of women are reinterpreting her image from a feminist viewpoint to explore sexuality as it pertains to gender. Perhaps the most controversial example of such discourse involve s the work of Mexican-American artist, Alma Lopez. Lopez, a contemporary Chicana artist, explores her relationship with La Virgen de Guadalupe through mixed media piece titled Our Lady (digital print on canvas; 1999). She planned to show it at the Fullerton Museum Center as part of a larger exhibit, â€Å"The Virgin of Guadalupe: Interpreting Devotion. † The work depicts her partner, Raquel Salinas, posed and framed in the likeness of la Virgen de Guadalupe. Lopez choices, using her lover as subject and depicting her clothed only in bunches of roses worn like a bikini, reflect the difficulties experienced by Lopez and other lesbian women in a deeply Catholic culture. Lopez explores personal contradictions between her religious piety and her own sexuality as a lesbian woman of Mexican-American descent. She saw the image of Guadalupe as one that belonged to her, to interpret as she saw fit. I am relating her to the women in my life, my mom, my grandma, my aunt. They had to be strong to survive, like Christs mother. The piece caused a controversy among Mexican-American citizens in the community, and many citizens worked tirelessly to block the work from public view. Gustavo Arellano covers this story for OC Weekly in an article titled, â€Å"Nuestra Senora de Censorship: Who Says the Virgin Can’t be Sexy? † which discusses the controversy surrounding the exhibit. Arellano cites a letter written by Ernesto Cienfuegos, editor of La Voz de Aztlan, a website devoted to contemporary Chicano/a issues. In the letter, Cienfuegos expresses his outrage (and homophobic sexism) with Lopez and her work. â€Å"Firstly, the person†¦representing the ‘Mother of Jesus’ is nothing less than Raquel Salinas, the lesbian lover of the so called artist Alma Lopez. Raquel Sa linas calls herself ‘La Chuparosa’ which Alma Lopez often depicts on her abominable images. † He goes on to assert that such artwork is being â€Å"†¦promoted by many USA based pornographers† and dismisses the museums director’s decision to feature the piece as â€Å"†¦merely ignorant of the facts and not involved in an anti-Mexican effort to destroy our most revered spiritual beliefs and cultural values. † Lopez defends her position, citing her unique perspective as a Chicana artist, and says of the backlash, â€Å"I admit, I was surprised by the violent reaction to Our Lady because I am a community artist born in Mexico and raised in California with the Virgin as a constant in my home and my community. I am know that there is nothing wrong with this image which was inspired by the experiences of many Chicanas and their complex relationship to La Virgen de Guadalupe. I am not the first Chicana to reinterpret the image with a feminist perspective, and Im positive I wont be the last. Cienfuegos‘ letter touches upon a larger, more serious concern for Chicana artists, such as Lopez, who utilize Guadalupe in their art. Such evident venom and blanket disapproval is consistent with aggression received by many homosexual activists, including that of the Mexican-American woman, for whom both gender, religion, and race are inextricably linked. Gaspar de Alba offers insight into why Chicana artists like Lopez have met with so much opposition, even within her own community. Viewed as ‘wannabe’ white women, Chicana feminists are still accused in some inner circles of betraying the Chicano revolution and subscribing to a divisive politics that breaks up the ‘familia’ -both symbolically, by criticizing the ‘brothers’ and ‘jefes’ of the movement and calling them on their sexism and heterosexism, and literally, by not using their sexuality in the service of breeding new revolutionaries for La Causa[. Sandra Cisneros’ essay, â€Å"Guadalupe as a Sex Goddess,† offers an alternative contemporary perspective on the implied symbolism of the Virgin of Guadalupe through her personal experiences growing up in a Mexican-American household. Within this framework, she reconciles her cultural roots with her emerging sexual curiosity. She writes that she looked for signs of Gua dalupe as a ‘whole woman. ’ She wanted to look â€Å"underneath her dress† to see if she was a real woman. † Cisneros’ discussion about â€Å"the double chastity belt of ignorance and erguenza† also touches on the double standard that exists in Mexican-American culture as it relates to La Virgen. â€Å"Did boys have to aspire to be Jesus? I never saw any evidence of it. † These types of double standards perpetuate la Virgen as the symbol for a virgin/whore dichotomy deeply rooted in Mexican-American culture. As Emma Perez writes in Sexuality and Discourse, â€Å"Consciousness is born out of one’s intimate awareness of one’s oppression. † By claiming sitio y lengua, or a place and a voice, she states Chicanas and other women of color can form a new discourse on issues of feminism and sexuality. Claiming sitio y lengua, as argued by Perez, also includes the freedom to adopt images and icons like La Virgen. For centuries, la Virgen de Guadalupe has served as the single strongest symbol of virginity in the Americas. New generations of Chicana artists, such as Isis Rodriguez, San Francisco based cartoonist, adopt Guadalupe as an image, manipulating or controlling her attributes, claiming a personal, as opposed to cultural relationship, with la Virgen. In a discussion with Benjamin Francisco Hernandez for Low Rider Arte Magazine, Rodriguez says of this piece, â€Å"Whenever I have her in my artwork it’s not so much disrespectful as it is that she carries certain virtues that we assign her. She is a protectress [sic] or a caregiver. I put her in those roles. † Others, like Sandra Cisneros and Lopez, also acknowledge personal connections with Guadalupe, yet question what is known, and not known, about the Americas’ most revered female figure. As Cisneros notes in â€Å"Guadalupe is a Sex Goddess,† â€Å"When I see La Virgen de Guadalupe I want to lift her dress as I did my dolls and look to see if she comes with chones, and does her panocha look like mine, and does she have dark nipples too? † Like the term Chicana, the symbolic meaning of the Virgin of Guadalupe is always growing, evolving, and changing. As she was born out of syncretism, it is befitting her history to continually redefine her in contemporary terms, by contemporary participants of society. Alma Lopez and Sandra Cisneros have experienced firsthand the backlash from the Mexican-American community and society at large. It is more difficult to examine why something makes society uncomfortable than to ignore or destroy it. It is the very awkwardness, tension and insecurity of the experience itself that serves to formulate new and relevant questions about solidarity, femininity, and sexuality within the Chicano art. The Evolution of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Chicano Art free essay sample A beautiful dark-skinned brunette stands before you. Her long, flowing hair beautifully frames her sweet face and demure smile. Yards of richly colored clothing adorn her tall, slender frame. Rays of sunlight appear from behind, emphasizing pure beauty. Her hands are joined together and she holds them at her chest in worship or, perhaps, in gratitude. Who is she, or rather, who do you see? Practicing Catholics all over Central and South America see a venerated patron saint. In Mexico, she is immediately recognizable as symbolic mother of a nation, ‘nuestra madre. New generations of mestizos see a symbol of all that is woman, as real and complex as their mothers, sisters, daughters, and lovers. Who you see depends on who you are, but all identify her as the Virgin of Guadalupe, perhaps the most recognizable icon to emerge out of post-conquest Americas. La Virgen of Guadalupe has evolved throughout history as a cross-cultural and multi-generational icon of virginity, femininity, purity, and maternal love. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Chicano Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her presence can be seen everywhere, on clothing, jewelry, car windows, and even on coffins. This essay charts the evolution of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Chicano art, from religious icon to feminist mascot; I examine the forms in which contemporary Mexican-American artists have adopted this image, in the tradition of the Chicano art movement, to galvanize communities toward a common social or political cause, and, as Chicana artists will co-opt her image as a vehicle to assert gender issues within the larger agenda, I will argue that the opposition to such efforts reveals a double-standard of allegiance in stark contrast to the goals of the Chicano movement. To understand how La Virgen has evolved outside of her intended religious context, her genesis must first be examined. Origin stories vary but, according to tradition, on Dec 9, 1531, Juan Diego first saw La Virgen on top of Tepeyac, a hill northwest of Mexico City. She instructed him to have the Bishop build a church on the site. Little Juan Diego immediately found the Bishop and relayed the message, but was dismissed as a storyteller. Three days later, on Juan Diego’s walk to church, la Virgen again reappeared. This time, she told Juan Diego to go the hilltop and pick roses, pack them in his tilma, and take them to the bishop to prove he saw her and to convince the bishop to build a church there. When he presented them to the bishop as instructed, he dropped his cloak with the roses. What appeared in their place was the brightly painted image of the Lady. Once news spread of Juan Diego’s sightings of the Mother of God speaking to him in his native tongue, thousands traveled to Mexico City to see the legendary cape of the ‘brown‘ Virgin Mary. Some say the Virgin of Guadalupe represents early efforts at syncretism by the Catholic church in an era when indigenous religious practices were discouraged. Jeanette Rodriguez explores this theory in Our Lady of Guadalupe, beginning with an in depth analysis of the Aztec empire and its eventual conquest by the Spanish. Rodriguez argues that, through conquest and colonialism, Christian deities overpowered indigenous gods in terms of propagandistic exposure and eventually a dichotomy of virtues emerges. The monotheistic male god came to represent power, assertiveness, rationality and independence, attributes once associated with Aztec gods. Opposing characteristics like purity, virginity, fertility and maternal love were then attributed to female deity figures, like the Euro-Catholic Virgin Mary and Aztec goddess, Tonantzin. Concurrently, contends Rodriguez, the folkloric story of Juan Diego and La Virgen on Tepayac Hill emerges and the legend of Guadalupe is born. Eventually, this image evolves into the dominant national icon, symbolizing the new mestiza, who was born from both Spanish and indigenous blood. Jody Brant Smith agrees, in The Image of Guadalupe, that she appeared â€Å"miraculously on the cactus cloth tilma, or cape, of Juan Diego, an Aztec peasant, in 1531, a mere dozen years after Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico for the King of Spain. † This cape proved valuable to the Church and its goals of conversion. â€Å"In just seven years, from 1532 to 1538, eight million Indians were converted to Christianity. Whether one believes the Virgin de Guadalupe appeared to Juan Diego on the hill or believe that Guadalupe was created to convert the Indians to the Catholic Church, the legend of Guadalupe as we know her today begins at this time. As a placebo for a changing guard, La Virgen de Guadalupe proved highly successful. The iconic image of La Virgen de Guadalupe remains static in both form and symbolism until the mid twentieth cen tury, when a new movement among Mexican-Americans emerges in California, dubbed the Chicano movement. As visual propaganda becomes a large part of the movement, a significant body of art with common themes and styles, known as Chicano art, follows. This shift in subject matter among Mexican-American artists toward a specific social and political agenda began earlier, as evidenced by the work of Rivera, Orozco, and Posada, but, it isn’t until the mid 1960’s that national or religious iconographic images are recycled to support a larger political or social agenda. Scholars cite the famous 1966 United Farm Workers protest, in defense of migrant farm worker’s rights, as the beginning of what is now known as the Chicano Art movement. Organizers for the protest communicated through graphic art forms, like newsletters, posters, and cartoons. Symbolism and iconography that drew upon cultural resources, like La Virgen de Guadalupe and an Aztec inspired thunderbird, connected visual communication to these agendas. Reclamation of traditional cultural and religious iconography for political purposes becomes a recurring theme among Mexican-American artists and the defining criteria for the classification of art as Chicano. While Chicano art differs from Mexican art in that Mexican and other Latin art is rooted in pre-Columbian traditions and folklore, Chicano art also acknowledges American education and experience as part of what shapes an artist and his message. On the heels of the Chicano movement, the Civil Rights movement, and public outrage over America’s participation in the Vietnam War, women’s issues also battle for attention on a national level. Feminism as a movement gains significant momentum in the 1960’s; within a decade, Chicana feminists begin to use Guadalupe in their artwork. As Rosie the Riveter forged a path for Anglo feminists, Guadalupe remains the most powerful vehicle for the Chicana agenda. Up until this point, the Virgin was most often appropriated for purely inspirational purposes, and artist’s interpretation of her image and intent remain congruous to her religious authority. Now, in light of new feminist theory, says Felipe Ehrenberg in Framing an Icon: Guadalupe and the Artist’s Vision,â€Å" Latina artists â€Å"seek to reconstruct the deity’s presence, and in doing so, manage to define her usefulness to their causes. † Ester Hernandez, a Chicana artist working early in the movement’s history, is one of the first to utilize the visual power of La Virgen for feminist purposes. Hernandez’s work, which has exhibited internationally, focuses on â€Å"the dignity, strength, experiences, and dreams of Latina women. † The etching, La Virgen de Guadalupe Defendiendo los Derechos de los Xicanos, (etching; 1974), does not explore issues of sexuality, but rather Hernandez takes the opportunity to make a social statement. The image portrays a woman in karate clothes, stepping out of the classic ring of sunrays, with one leg in the air in a classic Karate pose. Reinterpreted by Hernandez, La Virgen is now a symbol of emerging feminist ideas, and will set the path for similar explorations by other Chicana artists. Born in 1942, Yolanda Lopez is another Chicana artist who uses Guadalupe as a springboard to discuss a feminist agenda. Lopez portrays herself in the image of la virgen in Portrait of the Artist as the Virgin of Guadalupe (oil pastel on paper, 1978, 32â€Å"x24â€Å"). No longer a passive icon, Lopez utilizes Guadalupe to represent slowly shifting views about gender issues and sexuality in Chicano culture. Lopez situates herself in the position of the virgin, assuming the role. However, Lopez instead depicts herself athletic and strong, even assertive. She wears jogging shoes and a grin as she appears to sprint toward the viewer. Juan Diego, the putti-like boy that generally supports the virgin in traditional versions, instead lay underfoot. Still, characteristics that identify this portrayal as an interpretation of Guadalupe are unmistakable: the palette remains faithful to original portrayals, the iconic rays surround her, and the navy tilma billows behind Lopez as she moves. For early Chicana feminist artists, utilizing the iconic image of La Virgen de Guadalupe is critical to their agenda; in the tradition of the Chicano art movement, Guadalupe recalls nationalistic affiliations while including gender issues as part of the debate. However, secondary to political concerns of the Chicano movement as a whole, Chicana artists whose work serves to insert gender issues into the rubric of the Chicano movement are criticized within the community. Says Gaspar de Alba, â€Å"[a]ny divergence from that role, be it through a political engagement with the ideology of women’s liberation, as in the case of Chicana feminists [†¦] mmediately casts Chicanas who subscribe to either or both of these choices in a suspect light. † Further challenging the virgin ideal, new generations of women are reinterpreting her image from a feminist viewpoint to explore sexuality as it pertains to gender. Perhaps the most controversial example of such discourse involve s the work of Mexican-American artist, Alma Lopez. Lopez, a contemporary Chicana artist, explores her relationship with La Virgen de Guadalupe through mixed media piece titled Our Lady (digital print on canvas; 1999). She planned to show it at the Fullerton Museum Center as part of a larger exhibit, â€Å"The Virgin of Guadalupe: Interpreting Devotion. † The work depicts her partner, Raquel Salinas, posed and framed in the likeness of la Virgen de Guadalupe. Lopez choices, using her lover as subject and depicting her clothed only in bunches of roses worn like a bikini, reflect the difficulties experienced by Lopez and other lesbian women in a deeply Catholic culture. Lopez explores personal contradictions between her religious piety and her own sexuality as a lesbian woman of Mexican-American descent. She saw the image of Guadalupe as one that belonged to her, to interpret as she saw fit. I am relating her to the women in my life, my mom, my grandma, my aunt. They had to be strong to survive, like Christs mother. The piece caused a controversy among Mexican-American citizens in the community, and many citizens worked tirelessly to block the work from public view. Gustavo Arellano covers this story for OC Weekly in an article titled, â€Å"Nuestra Senora de Censorship: Who Says the Virgin Can’t be Sexy? † which discusses the controversy surrounding the exhibit. Arellano cites a letter written by Ernesto Cienfuegos, editor of La Voz de Aztlan, a website devoted to contemporary Chicano/a issues. In the letter, Cienfuegos expresses his outrage (and homophobic sexism) with Lopez and her work. â€Å"Firstly, the person†¦representing the ‘Mother of Jesus’ is nothing less than Raquel Salinas, the lesbian lover of the so called artist Alma Lopez. Raquel Sa linas calls herself ‘La Chuparosa’ which Alma Lopez often depicts on her abominable images. † He goes on to assert that such artwork is being â€Å"†¦promoted by many USA based pornographers† and dismisses the museums director’s decision to feature the piece as â€Å"†¦merely ignorant of the facts and not involved in an anti-Mexican effort to destroy our most revered spiritual beliefs and cultural values. † Lopez defends her position, citing her unique perspective as a Chicana artist, and says of the backlash, â€Å"I admit, I was surprised by the violent reaction to Our Lady because I am a community artist born in Mexico and raised in California with the Virgin as a constant in my home and my community. I am know that there is nothing wrong with this image which was inspired by the experiences of many Chicanas and their complex relationship to La Virgen de Guadalupe. I am not the first Chicana to reinterpret the image with a feminist perspective, and Im positive I wont be the last. Cienfuegos‘ letter touches upon a larger, more serious concern for Chicana artists, such as Lopez, who utilize Guadalupe in their art. Such evident venom and blanket disapproval is consistent with aggression received by many homosexual activists, including that of the Mexican-American woman, for whom both gender, religion, and race are inextricably linked. Gaspar de Alba offers insight into why Chicana artists like Lopez have met with so much opposition, even within her own community. Viewed as ‘wannabe’ white women, Chicana feminists are still accused in some inner circles of betraying the Chicano revolution and subscribing to a divisive politics that breaks up the ‘familia’ -both symbolically, by criticizing the ‘brothers’ and ‘jefes’ of the movement and calling them on their sexism and heterosexism, and literally, by not using their sexuality in the service of breeding new revolutionaries for La Causa[. Sandra Cisneros’ essay, â€Å"Guadalupe as a Sex Goddess,† offers an alternative contemporary perspective on the implied symbolism of the Virgin of Guadalupe through her personal experiences growing up in a Mexican-American household. Within this framework, she reconciles her cultural roots with her emerging sexual curiosity. She writes that she looked for signs of Guadalupe as a ‘whole woman. ’ She wanted to look â€Å"underneath her dress† to see if she was a real woman. † Cisneros’ discussion about â€Å"the double chastity belt of ignorance and erguenza† also touches on the double standard that exists in Mexican-American culture as it relates to La Virgen. â€Å"Did boys have to aspire to be Jesus? I never saw any evidence of it. † These types of double standards perpetuate la Virgen as the symbol for a virgin/whore dichotomy deeply rooted in Mexican-American culture. As Emma Perez writes in Sexuality and Discourse, â⠂¬Å"Consciousness is born out of one’s intimate awareness of one’s oppression.